書畫的起源久遠，有著豐富的意思，書畫是指繪畫和書法，也可以理解為具有文化內涵的繪畫。下面
字畫鑒定評估人員來講解下宋代書畫做假方法及特點。
Calligraphy and painting have a long history and rich meanings. Calligraphy and painting refer to painting and calligraphy, which can also be understood as painting with cultural connotation. The following calligraphy and painting appraisers will explain the methods and characteristics of painting and calligraphy counterfeiting in the Song Dynasty.
1、勾填：紙上蠟，覆在真跡上，勾出輪廓，填上墨，其特點是有形無神。
1. Tick filling: paper is waxed, covered on the authentic work, the outline is drawn, and the ink is filled, which is characterized by being visible and lifeless.
2、臨：對臨，有原本對照，看一筆，畫一筆。此法，神或許可體現些許，但不很面，易錯位，不能一氣呵成（一氣呵成才有神韻）。湊出來的作品神韻不易體現，多半是沒有成名的畫家為生存而作。
2. Lin: Opposite Lin, there is an original contrast, see a stroke, draw a stroke. This method may reflect a little, but it is not very comprehensive, easy to misplace, and can not be achieved at one go. It is not easy to reflect the verve of the collected works, most of which are made by painters who have not become famous for their survival.
3、仿：無原本作依據，大致畫出一個風格體現出原畫七八成的畫意。
3. Imitation: Without the original as the basis, roughly draw a style that reflects 70% or 80% of the original painting.
4、造：既無原本，也無畫跡流傳下來，憑空造畫，毫無依據。如市場上有唐伯虎畫的虎，其實唐伯虎沒有畫過虎。
4. Creation: There is neither original nor painting trace handed down, making paintings out of thin air without any basis. For example, there are tigers painted by Tong Pak Fu in the market, but Tang Pak Fu has never painted tigers.
5、改：改款將小名家的落款擦掉，落上大名家的款。
5. Change: The change will erase the signature of the small famous family and drop the signature of the big famous family.
6、揭二層：夾宣本書畫是可以揭下來的，那么一張原作可以揭成兩張，對下面模糊的一張再加工。
6. Uncover the second layer: The Jiaxuan calligraphy and painting can be uncovered, so one original can be uncovered into two pieces, and the obscure one below can be reprocessed.
7、代筆：過去知名書畫家有時請朋友代筆，如宋徽宗有個畫院，專請人為之代筆，他題名落款即可。
7. Ghostwriting: in the past, famous calligraphers and painters sometimes asked friends to ghostwrite. For example, there was a painting academy in Huizong of the Song Dynasty, and people were specially invited to ghostwrite for them.
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